參考：https://www.yuque.com/leifengyang/springboot2

參考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19K4y1L7MT?p=1&vd_source=0c3c1f43c75954a15fba4e42c1d7883e

(資料圖片)

1. HelloWorld

項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)

1. pom.xml

    4.0.0    com.example    springboot-test    1.0-SNAPSHOT    pom            springboot-01-hello                org.springframework.boot        spring-boot-starter-parent        2.3.4.RELEASE                            org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-web                        8        8        UTF-8                                            org.springframework.boot                spring-boot-maven-plugin                        

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2. MainApplication

package com.example;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/** * 主程序類 * @SpringBootApplication：這是一個(gè)springboot應(yīng)用 */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MainApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);    }}

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3. HelloController

package com.example.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestControllerpublic class HelloController {    @RequestMapping("/hello")    public String home() {        return "Hello world";    }}

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4. 啟動(dòng)服務(wù)，瀏覽器訪問(wèn)

2. Springboot特點(diǎn)

2.1 依賴管理

2.1.1 父項(xiàng)目做依賴管理

        org.springframework.boot        spring-boot-starter-parent        2.3.4.RELEASE點(diǎn)進(jìn)spring-boot-starter-parent看到：    org.springframework.boot    spring-boot-dependencies    2.3.4.RELEASE點(diǎn)進(jìn)spring-boot-dependencies看到：    幾乎聲明了所有開發(fā)中常用的依賴的版本號(hào)

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2.1.2 開發(fā)導(dǎo)入starter場(chǎng)景啟動(dòng)器

會(huì)見到很多spring-boot-starter-*： *就代表某種場(chǎng)景 只要引入starter，這個(gè)場(chǎng)景的所有常規(guī)需要的依賴我們都自動(dòng)引入SpringBoot所有支持的場(chǎng)景：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using-spring-boot.html#using-boot-starter見到的 *-spring-boot-starter： 第三方為我們提供的簡(jiǎn)化開發(fā)的場(chǎng)景啟動(dòng)器。 所有場(chǎng)景啟動(dòng)器最底層的依賴

     org.springframework.boot     spring-boot-starter     2.3.4.RELEASE     compile

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2.1.3 無(wú)需關(guān)注版本號(hào)，自動(dòng)版本仲裁

spring-boot-dependencies幾乎聲明了所有開發(fā)中常用的依賴的版本號(hào)，引入依賴默認(rèn)都可以不寫版本=>自動(dòng)版本仲裁

2.1.4 可以修改版本號(hào)

引入非版本仲裁的jar，要寫版本號(hào)查看spring-boot-dependencies里面規(guī)定當(dāng)前依賴的版本用的 key，版本不一致=>在當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目里面重寫配置

    5.1.43

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2.2 自動(dòng)配置

2.2.1 自動(dòng)配好Tomcat

引入Tomcat依賴

      org.springframework.boot      spring-boot-starter-tomcat      2.3.4.RELEASE      compile

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2.2.2 自動(dòng)配好SpringMVC

引入SpringMVC全套組件：spring-boot-starter-web引入自動(dòng)配好SpringMVC常用組件（功能）

2.2.3 自動(dòng)配好Web常見功能

SpringBoot幫我們配置好了所有web開發(fā)的常見場(chǎng)景

dispatcherServlet字符編碼：characterEncodingFilter文件上傳：multipartResolver

2.2.4 默認(rèn)的包結(jié)構(gòu)

主程序所在包及其下面的所有子包里面的組件都會(huì)被默認(rèn)掃描進(jìn)來(lái)無(wú)需以前的包掃描配置想要改變掃描路徑，@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.example")或者@ComponentScan 指定掃描路徑

@SpringBootApplication等同于@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan("com.example")

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2.2.5 各種配置擁有默認(rèn)值

application.properties：默認(rèn)配置最終都是映射到某個(gè)類上，如：MultipartPropertiesapplication.properties配置文件的值最終會(huì)綁定每個(gè)類上，這個(gè)類會(huì)在容器中創(chuàng)建對(duì)象

2.2.6 按需加載所有自動(dòng)配置項(xiàng)

非常多的starter引入了哪些場(chǎng)景這個(gè)場(chǎng)景的自動(dòng)配置才會(huì)開啟SpringBoot所有的自動(dòng)配置功能都在 spring-boot-autoconfigure 包里面

package com.example;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;/**@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan("com.example")等價(jià)于@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.example") 默認(rèn)掃描主程序所在的包*/@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MainApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //1、返回我們IOC容器        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);        //2、查看容器里面的組件        String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();        for (String name : names) {            System.out.println("組件：" + name);        }    }}

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3. 自動(dòng)配置注解

3.1 @Configuration

Full模式與Lite模式項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)User

package com.example.bean;public class User {    private String name;    private int age;    private Pet pet;    public User() {    }    public User(String name, int age) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public int getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(int age) {        this.age = age;    }    public Pet getPet() {        return pet;    }    public void setPet(Pet pet) {        this.pet = pet;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "User{" +                "name="" + name + "\"" +                ", age=" + age +                ", pet=" + pet +                "}";    }}

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package com.example.bean;public class Pet {    private String name;    public Pet() {    }    public Pet(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Pet{" +                "name="" + name + "\"" +                "}";    }}

復(fù)制MainConfig

package com.example.config;import com.example.bean.Pet;import com.example.bean.User;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods=true) // 告訴springboot這是一個(gè)配置類public class MainConfig {    @Bean    public User userBean(){        User u = new User("zhangsan", 18);        u.setPet(petBean());        return u;    }    @Bean    public Pet petBean(){        Pet p = new Pet("cat");        return p;    }}

復(fù)制MainApplication

package com.example;import com.example.bean.Pet;import com.example.bean.User;import com.example.config.MainConfig;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;/**@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan("com.example")等價(jià)于@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.example") 默認(rèn)掃描主程序所在的包*/@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MainApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //1、返回我們IOC容器        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);        //2、查看容器里面的組件        String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();        for (String name : names) {            System.out.println("組件：" + name);        }        // 3. 從容器中獲取組件        User user = (User) run.getBean("userBean");        User user2 = (User) run.getBean("userBean");        System.out.println("組件默認(rèn)是單例的:" + (user==user2));        // 4. 配置類也是組件        MainConfig bean = run.getBean(MainConfig.class);        System.out.println("配置類本身也是組件:" + bean);        // 5. proxyBeanMethods = true, mainConfig就是被增強(qiáng)的代理對(duì)象        // springboot總會(huì)檢查組件是否在容器中存在        // 保持組件單實(shí)例        // 外部無(wú)論對(duì)配置類中的這個(gè)組件注冊(cè)方法調(diào)用多少次,獲取的都是之前注冊(cè)容器中的單實(shí)例對(duì)象        User user3 = bean.userBean();        User user4 = bean.userBean();        System.out.println("主配置是否為代理對(duì)象: "+(user3==user4));        // full: proxyBeanMethods=true  => 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景: 解決組件依賴        // lite: proxyBeanMethods=false => 配置類在容器中不會(huì)保存代理對(duì)象,在外邊調(diào)用方法,每次都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)新對(duì)象        // Full: 保證每個(gè)@Bean方法被調(diào)用多少次返回的組件都是單實(shí)例的。類組件之間有依賴關(guān)系，方法會(huì)被調(diào)用得到之前單實(shí)例組件，用Full模式        // Lite: 每個(gè)@Bean方法被調(diào)用多少次返回的組件都是新創(chuàng)建的。類組件之間無(wú)依賴關(guān)系用Lite模式加速容器啟動(dòng)過(guò)程，減少判斷        // 組件依賴必須使用Full模式默認(rèn)。其他默認(rèn)是否Lite模式        Pet pet = (Pet) run.getBean("petBean");        System.out.println("proxyBeanMethods組件依賴" + (user.getPet()==pet));    }}

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3.2 @Bean、@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Repository

項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)MainConfig

package com.example.config;import com.example.bean.Pet;import com.example.bean.User;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configurationpublic class MainConfig {}

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package com.example.bean;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.annotation.Resource;@Component("userBean")public class User {    private String name;    private int age;    @Autowired    private Pet pet;    public User() {    }    public User(String name, int age) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public int getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(int age) {        this.age = age;    }    public Pet getPet() {        return pet;    }    public void setPet(Pet pet) {        this.pet = pet;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "User{" +                "name="" + name + "\"" +                ", age=" + age +                ", pet=" + pet +                "}";    }}

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package com.example.bean;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component("petBean")public class Pet {    private String name;    public Pet() {    }    public Pet(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Pet{" +                "name="" + name + "\"" +                "}";    }}

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package com.example;import com.example.bean.Pet;import com.example.bean.User;import com.example.config.MainConfig;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;/** * @SpringBootConfiguration * @EnableAutoConfiguration * @ComponentScan("com.example") 等價(jià)于@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.example") * 默認(rèn)掃描主程序所在的包 */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MainApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //1、返回我們IOC容器        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);        //2、查看容器里面的組件        String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();        for (String name : names) {            System.out.println("組件：" + name);        }        // 3. 從容器中獲取組件        User user = (User) run.getBean("userBean");        User user2 = (User) run.getBean("userBean");        System.out.println("組件默認(rèn)是單例的:" + (user == user2));        // 4. 配置類也是組件        MainConfig bean = run.getBean(MainConfig.class);        System.out.println("配置類本身也是組件:" + bean);        // 5. 組件依賴        Pet pet = (Pet) run.getBean("petBean");        System.out.println("組件依賴" + (user.getPet() == pet));    }}

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3.3 @Import、@Conditional、@ImportResource、@ConfigurationProperties

@Import：給容器中自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建出指定類型的組件、默認(rèn)組件的名字就是全類名

@Conditional：條件裝配，滿足Conditional指定的條件，則進(jìn)行組件注入

@ImportResource：原生配置文件引入

@ConfigurationProperties：配置文件中的配置項(xiàng)綁定給組件的屬性

項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)MainApplication

package com.example;import ch.qos.logback.core.db.DBHelper;import com.example.bean.Pet;import com.example.bean.User;import com.example.config.MainConfig;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import java.util.Arrays;/** @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan("com.example") 等價(jià)于@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.example") 默認(rèn)掃描主程序所在的包 *//** * @Import：給容器中自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建出指定類型的組件、默認(rèn)組件的名字就是全類名 * @Conditional：條件裝配，滿足Conditional指定的條件，則進(jìn)行組件注入 * @ImportResource：原生配置文件引入 * @ConfigurationProperties：配置文件中的配置項(xiàng)綁定給組件的屬性 */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MainApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //1、返回我們IOC容器        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);        //2、查看容器里面的組件        String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();        for (String name : names) {            System.out.println("組件：" + name);        }        // 3. 獲取組件        Boolean flag = run.containsBean("petBean");        System.out.println("容器中是否存在petBean組件:" + flag);        Boolean flag2 = run.containsBean("userBean");        System.out.println("容器中是否存在userBean組件:" + flag2);                // 4. 容器中組件數(shù)量        System.out.println("組件數(shù)量:" + run.getBeanDefinitionCount()); // 167    }}

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復(fù)制User

package com.example.bean;public class User {    private String name;    private int age;    private Pet pet;    public User() {    }    public User(String name, int age) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public int getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(int age) {        this.age = age;    }    public Pet getPet() {        return pet;    }    public void setPet(Pet pet) {        this.pet = pet;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "User{" +                "name="" + name + "\"" +                ", age=" + age +                ", pet=" + pet +                "}";    }}

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package com.example.bean;public class Pet {    private String name;    public Pet() {    }    public Pet(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Pet{" +                "name="" + name + "\"" +                "}";    }}

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package com.example.bean;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;// @Component // MainConfig中使用了@EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class),則不用@Component@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "car")public class Car {    private String brand;    private double price;    public Car() {    }    public Car(String brand, double price) {        this.brand = brand;        this.price = price;    }    public String getBrand() {        return brand;    }    public void setBrand(String brand) {        this.brand = brand;    }    public double getPrice() {        return price;    }    public void setPrice(double price) {        this.price = price;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Car{" +                "brand="" + brand + "\"" +                ", price=" + price +                "}";    }}

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package com.example.config;import ch.qos.logback.core.db.DBHelper;import com.example.bean.Car;import com.example.bean.Pet;import com.example.bean.User;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;// @ConditionalOnBean(name="petBean") // 有petBean類里的組件注冊(cè)才生效,否則都不生效@EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class)// @EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class)的作用：// 1. 開啟Car配置綁定功能// 2. 把這個(gè)Car這個(gè)組件自動(dòng)注冊(cè)到容器中@ImportResource("classpath:mainApplication.xml")@Import({User.class, DBHelper.class})@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods=true) // 告訴springboot這是一個(gè)配置類public class MainConfig {    @ConditionalOnBean(name="petBean") // 容器中存在petBean才執(zhí)行userBean的組件注冊(cè)    @Bean    public User userBean(){        User u = new User("zhangsan", 18);        u.setPet(petBean());        return u;    }    // @Bean    public Pet petBean(){        Pet p = new Pet("cat");        return p;    }}

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4. 自動(dòng)配置原理

4.1 引導(dǎo)加載自動(dòng)配置類

@SpringBootApplication主要組成：@SpringBootConfiguration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@ComponentScan

@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan(    excludeFilters = {@Filter(    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}), @Filter(    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class})})public @interface SpringBootApplication {}

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4.1.1 @SpringBootConfiguration

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@Documented@Configuration // SpringBootConfiguration用來(lái)注解 配置類 => MainApplication是一個(gè)配置類(核心配置類)public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {    @AliasFor(        annotation = Configuration.class    )    boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;}

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4.1.2 @ComponentScan：包掃描，指定要掃描哪些

兩個(gè)自定義掃描器

4.1.3 @EnableAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigurationPackage@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}

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@Import({AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class}) // 給容器中導(dǎo)入一個(gè)組件// 指定了默認(rèn)的包規(guī)則public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}// 利用Registrar給容器中導(dǎo)入一系列組件// 將指定的MainApplication所在包下的所有組件導(dǎo)入進(jìn)來(lái)

復(fù)制@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})

1. 利用getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata)給容器中批量導(dǎo)入一些組件2. 調(diào)用List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)獲取到所有需要導(dǎo)入到容器中的配置類3. 利用工廠加載 Map> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)得到所有的組件4. 從META-INF/spring.factories位置來(lái)加載一個(gè)文件。    默認(rèn)掃描我們當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)里面所有META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件    spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar包里面也有META-INF/spring.factories    文件里面寫死了spring-boot一啟動(dòng)就要給容器中加載的所有配置類

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4.2 按需開啟自動(dòng)配置項(xiàng)

spring.factories@Conditional

1. 雖然我們127個(gè)場(chǎng)景的所有自動(dòng)配置啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候默認(rèn)全部加載。    META-INF/spring.factories文件中：xxxxAutoConfiguration2. 按照條件裝配規(guī)則（@Conditional），最終會(huì)按需配置。    eg. @ConditionalOnClass({Gson.class})

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4.3 修改默認(rèn)配置

@Bean@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)  //容器中有這個(gè)類型組件@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) //容器中沒(méi)有這個(gè)名字 multipartResolver 的組件public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {    //給@Bean標(biāo)注的方法傳入了對(duì)象參數(shù)，這個(gè)參數(shù)的值就會(huì)從容器中找。    //SpringMVC multipartResolver。防止有些用戶配置的文件上傳解析器不符合規(guī)范// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectlyreturn resolver;}

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SpringBoot默認(rèn)會(huì)在底層配好所有的組件。但是如果用戶自己配置了以用戶的優(yōu)先

@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBeanpublic CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {}

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總結(jié)：

SpringBoot先加載所有的自動(dòng)配置類 xxxxxAutoConfiguration每個(gè)自動(dòng)配置類按照條件進(jìn)行生效，默認(rèn)都會(huì)綁定配置文件指定的值。xxxxProperties里面拿。xxxProperties和配置文件進(jìn)行了綁定生效的配置類就會(huì)給容器中裝配很多組件(pom.xml配置了)只要容器中有這些組件，相當(dāng)于這些功能就有了定制化配置用戶直接自己@Bean替換底層的組件用戶去看這個(gè)組件是獲取的配置文件什么值就去修改。

xxxxxAutoConfiguration ---> 組件 ---> xxxxProperties里面拿值 ----> application.properties

4,4 最佳實(shí)踐

引入場(chǎng)景依賴https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using-spring-boot.html#using-boot-starter查看自動(dòng)配置了哪些（選做）自己分析，引入場(chǎng)景對(duì)應(yīng)的自動(dòng)配置一般都生效了配置文件中debug=true開啟自動(dòng)配置報(bào)告。Negative（不生效）\Positive（生效）是否需要修改參照文檔修改配置項(xiàng)https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/appendix-application-properties.html#common-application-properties自己分析。xxxxProperties綁定了配置文件的哪些。自定義加入或者替換組件@Bean、@Component。。。自定義器 XXXXXCustomizer；例子resources目錄下放一張jpg圖片配置文件中添加配置項(xiàng)：

spring.banner.image.location=classpath:timg.jpg

復(fù)制

4.5 簡(jiǎn)化開發(fā)

4.5.1 lombok

引入依賴

    org.projectlombok    lombok

復(fù)制idea安裝插件使用

@ToString // toString@Data // getter、setter@AllArgsConstructor // 全參構(gòu)造器@NoArgsConstructor // 無(wú)參構(gòu)造器@Slf4j // 日志

復(fù)制例子

package com.example.bean;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;import lombok.Data;import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;import lombok.ToString;@ToString // toString@Data // getter、setter@AllArgsConstructor // 全參構(gòu)造器@NoArgsConstructor // 無(wú)參構(gòu)造器public class LombokBean {    private String str;    private int i;}

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import com.example.bean.LombokBean;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.junit.Test;@Slf4jpublic class LombokBeanTest {    @Test    public void testLombokBean(){        LombokBean o = new LombokBean();        o.setStr("abc");        o.setI(10);        System.out.println(o);        log.info(o.toString());    }}

復(fù)制